The PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader (Polish: "Dromedary") is a single engine agricultural aircraft that is manufactured by PZL-Mielec in Poland. The aircraft is used mainly as a cropduster or firefighting machine.
Video PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader
Development
PZL-Mielec, then known as WSK-Mielec, began to design the Dromader in the mid 1970s, with help of United States aircraft manufacturer Rockwell International. PZL-Mielec asked for Rockwell's help because of the political situation at the time: operating in an Eastern Bloc country, PZL wanted the aircraft to sell well worldwide, and the company realized that FAA certification would be important in reaching that goal. Rockwell on the other hand wanted to fit Polish high-power radial engines into its agricultural planes. As a result of this cooperation the Rockwell Thrush Commander aircraft was fitted with the PZL-3 engine, and the Polish designers created the higher payload M-18 Dromader by introducing the more powerful ASz-62 engine, making structural changes to the airframe, and increasing dimensions. This co-operation meant that the Dromader shares outer wing panels and part of a fuselage with the Thrush Commander.
The first prototype of the aircraft flew on August 27, 1976. In September 1978, the aircraft was given certification to fly in Poland. Certifications from many countries around the world followed soon.
Many aircraft of the M-18 type and its variations can still be seen around the world. They were sold to 24 countries, over 200 are used in the USA. In 2008, fifteen were sold to China. The Dromader is still in PZL-Mielec offer the (as of 2017), but the production has been halted. The produced aircraft are still refurbished instead, with new engines (produced by WSK "PZL-Kalisz"). There are plans to acquire rights and renew the production in WZL-2 in Bydgoszcz.
Some 759 had been built. Currently (2012) models M-18B and M-18BS are offered by PZL-Mielec.
Maps PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader
Variants
- M-18
- original one-seat production version, now available for special orders only.
- M-18A
- two seater available from 1984 onwards. Allows a mechanic or chemical loader to be carried as a passenger to remote fields.
- M-18AS
- two-cockpit trainer version
- M-18B
- refined version of M-18A with increased capacity, flown in 1993.
- M-18BS
- two-cockpit trainer.
- M-18C
- version with more powerful 895 kW (1,200 hp) Kalisz K-9 engine. Flown in 1995 but not produced.
- M-18/T45 Turbine Dromader
- turboprop powered with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-45 engine. First flew in 1985 and was given FAA certification in April 1986.
- M-21 Dromader Mini
- smaller variant (1100 kg of chemicals), flown in 1982, not produced.
- M-24 Dromader Super
- bigger variant (2000 kg of chemicals), flown in 1987, not produced.
- M-25 Dromader Mikro
- smaller variant (500 kg of chemicals), sketch only.
- AII AVA-303
- The M-18 is being built in Iran as the AVA-303.
Operators
Military
- Croatia
- Croatian Air Force - Former operator.
- Greece
- Hellenic Air Force
- Montenegro
- Montenegrin Air Force
- Serbia -Former operator
- Iran airforce
Civil
The Dromader is in service with aerial agriculture and other companies in many countries, operating in a variety of roles. The former Yugoslav Airline, Jugoslovenski Aerotransport, used it for cropspraying.
Specifications (M18B Dromader)
Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003-2004, Jane's all the World's Aircraft 2004-05,
General characteristics
- Crew: 1 / 2 (M18BS)
- Capacity: 2,500 l (660 US gal; 550 imp gal) liquid or 2,200 kg (4,900 lb) dry chemical in fibreglass hopper forward of the cockpit (smaller hopper in M18BS)
- Length: 9.47 m (31 ft 1 in)
- Wingspan: 17.7 m (58 ft 1 in)
- Height: 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in) to tailfin on ground
- Wing area: 40 m2 (430 sq ft)
- Aspect ratio: 7.8
- Airfoil: root:NACA 4416; tip:NACA 4412 outer wing panels
- Empty weight: 2,710 kg (5,975 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 4,200 kg (9,259 lb)
- Fuel capacity: 510 kg (1,120 lb) max fuel weight
- Powerplant: 1 × PZL Kalisz ASz-621R 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 731 kW (980 hp)
- Propellers: 4-bladed PZL Warszawa AW-2-30, 3.3 m (10 ft 10 in) diameter constant speed aluminium alloy propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 200 km/h (124 mph; 108 kn) with agricultural equipment
- Stall speed: 108 km/h (67 mph; 58 kn) flaps down
- Never exceed speed: 280 km/h (174 mph; 151 kn)
- Range: 970 km (603 mi; 524 nmi)
- Ferry range: 2,000 km (1,243 mi; 1,080 nmi) with hopper fuel tank
- Service ceiling: 6,500 m (21,300 ft)
- g limits: +3.4 / -1.4
- Rate of climb: 6.5 m/s (1,280 ft/min)
- Wing loading: 105 kg/m2 (22 lb/sq ft)
- Power/mass: 5.75 kg/kW (11.92 lb/hp)
See also
- Related development
- Rockwell Thrush Commander
- PZL M-24 Dromader Super
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
- Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema
- PZL-106 Kruk
- Zlin Z-37 Cmelak
References
External links
- PZL-Mielec page
- PZL M21 Dromader Mini
Source of article : Wikipedia
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